Locomotion and Movement: 58 past-paper questions in this chapter

Free questions

30 solved MCQs, answer marked and reasoning written out

Every question below is free to read — no sign-up, no email. 4 of them are real questions from past NEET papers. The other 241 questions in this chapter are in the book and in practice access.

1. Q1 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding the resting sarcomere and the 'H' zone: (i) the thick filaments in the 'A' band are held together in the middle by a thin fibrous membrane called the 'M' line (ii) in a resting state, the edges of thin filaments on either side partially overlap the thick filaments (iii) the central part of the thick filament not overlapped by thin filaments is called the 'H' zone (iv) the 'H' zone becomes progressively narrower as the muscle contracts. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.Three
   4. 4.FourCorrect answer

   Why option 4 is the answer

   The trap: All four statements correctly describe the resting sarcomere and the H zone.

   What this is testing: the landmarks of a resting sarcomere, from the M line to the H zone.

   All four statements are correct. The M line is the fine membrane that holds thick filaments together at the centre of the A band. At rest, thin filaments overlap only the edges of the thick filaments, leaving the H zone as the central part of the A band without overlap. That H zone narrows as the muscle contracts and the filaments slide further in.

   There is no planted error here. When every statement checks out against the diagram, resist the urge to invent a mistake — pick four with the same confidence you would pick three.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 220,223

2. Q2 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding classification of ribs: (i) the first seven pairs are called true ribs, attached dorsally to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally to the sternum by hyaline cartilage (ii) the 8th, 9th and 10th pairs join the seventh rib's cartilage and are called vertebrochondral (false) ribs (iii) the last two pairs are floating ribs, not connected ventrally at all (iv) the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the pelvic girdle. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.ThreeCorrect answer
   4. 4.Four

   Why option 3 is the answer

   The trap: (i)–(iii) are correct; the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the RIB CAGE, not the pelvic girdle, so (iv) is wrong.

   What this is testing: the three classes of ribs and what they build together.

   (i)-(iii) are correct: true ribs (first 7 pairs) reach the sternum directly, vertebrochondral or false ribs (8th-10th) join via the seventh rib's cartilage, and the last two pairs float free ventrally. (iv) is the trap — thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the RIB CAGE, not the pelvic girdle, which is an entirely different structure lower in the body.

   So three statements are correct. The rib cage protects the thorax; the pelvic girdle supports the hip — do not let the question swap one term for the other.

   Seven true, three false, two floating - twelve pairs in all. The classification depends entirely on what each pair reaches at the front.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 225-226

3. Q3 Multi-statement analysis

   In the resting state of a muscle fibre: (i) a subunit of troponin masks the active binding sites for myosin on the actin filament (ii) calcium ions are already bound to troponin (iii) the myosin head is attached to actin, forming a stable cross bridge (iv) tropomyosin and troponin together regulate the exposure of the myosin-binding site. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.TwoCorrect answer
   3. 3.Three
   4. 4.Four

   Why option 2 is the answer

   The trap: Only (i) and (iv) are correct; in the resting state, calcium is NOT bound to troponin and no cross bridge is formed, so (ii) and (iii) are wrong.

   What this is testing: what a muscle fibre actually looks like at rest, before any signal arrives.

   (i) is correct: troponin masks actin's myosin-binding sites at rest. (iv) is correct: tropomyosin and troponin work together to control that masking. (ii) and (iii) are the traps — at rest, calcium is NOT bound to troponin, and with the sites masked, the myosin head cannot attach, so no cross bridge exists yet.

   So only two statements are correct. "Resting" means nothing is happening — any statement describing an active, calcium-bound, or attached state is describing contraction, not rest.

   At rest the sites are masked and calcium is stored away. Contraction begins only when calcium arrives and the mask is lifted.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 221

4. Q4 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding fibrous joints: (i) they do not allow any movement (ii) this type of joint is shown by the flat bones of the skull (iii) the bones fuse end-to-end with dense fibrous connective tissue in the form of sutures (iv) they contain a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the bones. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.ThreeCorrect answer
   4. 4.Four

   Why option 3 is the answer

   The trap: (i)–(iii) are correct; fibrous joints do NOT contain a synovial cavity — that is a feature of synovial joints, so (iv) is wrong.

   What this is testing: the features of a fibrous joint, and what it does not have.

   (i)-(iii) are correct: fibrous joints allow no movement, the skull's flat bones show this type, and the bones fuse edge-to-edge with dense fibrous tissue forming sutures. (iv) is the trap — a fluid-filled synovial cavity belongs to SYNOVIAL joints, not fibrous ones; a fibrous joint has no cavity at all, which is exactly why it cannot move.

   So three statements are correct. The presence or absence of a synovial cavity is precisely what separates fibrous joints from synovial ones.

   Fibrous joints have no cavity and no movement. A synovial cavity is the defining feature of the freely movable class instead.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

5. Q5 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding visceral muscle: (i) it is located in the inner walls of hollow visceral organs of the body (ii) it does not exhibit any striation and is smooth in appearance (iii) its activities are not under voluntary control (iv) it assists in the transportation of gametes through the genital tract. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.Three
   4. 4.FourCorrect answer

   Why option 4 is the answer

   The trap: All four statements correctly describe visceral (smooth, nonstriated) muscle.

   What this is testing: the identity and location of visceral (smooth) muscle.

   All four statements are correct. Visceral muscle lines the inner walls of hollow visceral organs, shows no striation and looks smooth, works involuntarily, and helps move gametes through the genital tract.

   There is no trap here — each point simply builds the profile of smooth muscle from a different angle: where it sits, how it looks, who controls it, and one job it performs. When every clause matches the text, four correct is the safe answer.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 218

6. Q6 Multi-statement analysis

   Following the rise in calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm: (i) the binding of calcium to troponin removes the masking of active sites for myosin on actin (ii) the myosin head binds to the exposed actin sites, utilising energy from ATP hydrolysis (iii) this binding is called a cross bridge (iv) the cross bridge pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of the 'H' zone. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.ThreeCorrect answer
   4. 4.Four

   Why option 3 is the answer

   The trap: (i)–(iii) are correct; the cross bridge pulls actin filaments towards the centre of the 'A' band, not the 'H' zone, so (iv) is wrong.

   What this is testing: where the cross bridge actually pulls the actin filament once calcium rises.

   (i)-(iii) are correct: calcium binding troponin unmasks myosin's binding site on actin, the myosin head then binds using energy from ATP hydrolysis, and this attachment is called a cross bridge. (iv) is the trap — the cross bridge pulls actin filaments toward the centre of the 'A' band, not the 'H' zone; the H zone is simply what shrinks as a result.

   So three statements are correct. The H zone narrows as a consequence of that pull; it is not the destination the filament is pulled toward.

   Calcium lifts the mask, the head binds, the filament slides. Every step of contraction waits on that first arrival of calcium.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 222

7. Q7 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding the thin (actin) filament: (i) each actin filament is made of two 'F' (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other (ii) each 'F' actin is a polymer of monomeric 'G' (globular) actin (iii) two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin, run close to the 'F' actin (iv) troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.Three
   4. 4.FourCorrect answer

   Why option 4 is the answer

   The trap: All four statements correctly describe the thin filament.

   What this is testing: the structure of the thin (actin) filament, layer by layer.

   All four statements are correct. Each actin filament is made of two F-actin strands wound helically together, each F-actin is itself a polymer of monomeric G-actin, two strands of tropomyosin run alongside the F-actin, and troponin sits at regular intervals along the tropomyosin.

   There is no trap here — this is simply the thin filament built up from its smallest units. Keep the order in mind: G-actin polymerises into F-actin, tropomyosin runs beside it, troponin studs the tropomyosin.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 221

8. Q8 Multi-statement analysis

   Regarding synovial joints: (i) they are characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces (ii) such an arrangement allows considerable movement (iii) the joint between the atlas and the axis (a pivot joint) is an example (iv) the joint between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column is also a synovial joint. How many are correct?

   1. 1.One
   2. 2.Two
   3. 3.ThreeCorrect answer
   4. 4.Four

   Why option 3 is the answer

   The trap: (i)–(iii) are correct; the joint between adjacent vertebrae is a CARTILAGINOUS joint, not synovial, so (iv) is wrong.

   What this is testing: what makes a joint synovial, and which vertebral joint is an exception.

   (i)-(iii) are correct: synovial joints have a fluid-filled synovial cavity between articulating surfaces, this allows considerable movement, and the atlas-axis pivot joint is a genuine example. (iv) is the trap — the joint between adjacent vertebrae is a CARTILAGINOUS joint, not synovial; it moves only slightly, cushioned by a disc rather than a fluid cavity.

   So three statements are correct. Not every moving joint in the spine is synovial — the atlas-axis pivot is the named exception, ordinary vertebra-to-vertebra joints are not.

   Synovial joints have a cavity; cartilaginous joints have cartilage filling the gap. The vertebrae are the standard example of the second kind.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

9. Q9 Assertion and Reason

   AssertionThe middle ear of humans contains ear ossicles.

   ReasonThese are collectively three tiny bones called the malleus, incus and stapes.

   1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
   2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
   3. 3.A is true but R is false
   4. 4.A is false but R is true

   Why option 2 is the answer

   The trap: Both are true, but R simply names the ossicles rather than explaining why there are ear ossicles at all — a parallel, descriptive fact.

   What this is testing: whether naming the ear ossicles explains why they exist, or merely lists them.

   Assertion is true: the middle ear does contain ear ossicles. Reason is also true — they are the malleus, incus and stapes. But naming the three bones does not explain WHY the middle ear has ossicles in the first place; it only describes what they are called.

   So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). A reason that just restates a fact in more detail is not automatically the cause of that fact.

   Naming the three bones describes the ossicles rather than accounting for them. Description and explanation are different things in this format.

   NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 225

10. Q10 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionAcetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction generates an action potential in the sarcolemma.

    ReasonThis action potential subsequently causes the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is true

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both are true sequential events, but R describes what happens AFTER the action potential, not why acetylcholine generates it — they are parallel steps in the same pathway.

    What this is testing: whether the reason explains acetylcholine's action, or simply names the next step after it.

    Assertion is true: acetylcholine release does generate an action potential in the sarcolemma. Reason is also true — that action potential then triggers calcium release. But R describes what happens AFTER the action potential, not why acetylcholine itself triggers one; the two are separate links in the same chain.

    So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). A later step in a sequence does not explain an earlier one.

    Acetylcholine, action potential, calcium, contraction. The reason here describes the next link in the chain, which is not the same as explaining the one before it.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 222

11. Q11 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionThe thin filaments of a sarcomere are firmly attached to the 'Z' line.

    ReasonThe 'Z' line is an elastic fibre that bisects each 'I' band.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is true

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both are true, but R describes the Z line's position rather than explaining WHY the thin filaments are attached to it — the two are parallel facts.

    What this is testing: whether describing the Z line's position explains why filaments are anchored to it.

    Assertion is true: thin filaments are firmly attached to the Z line. Reason is also true — the Z line is an elastic fibre bisecting each I band. But stating where the Z line sits does not explain why thin filaments attach to it; the two are separate facts about the same structure.

    So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). Position and attachment are two different claims, even about the same line.

    Where the Z line sits and what attaches to it are two separate facts. Both are true, and one does not produce the other.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 220

12. Q12 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionThe sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fibre is the storehouse of calcium ions.

    ReasonThe muscle fibre is described as a syncytium because the sarcoplasm contains many nuclei.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is true

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both are true facts about the muscle fibre, but the multinucleate nature (R) does not explain why the SR stores calcium (A) — they are parallel facts.

    What this is testing: whether the fibre's multinucleate nature explains why the SR stores calcium.

    Assertion is true: the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the calcium storehouse of a muscle fibre. Reason is also true — the fibre is a syncytium with many nuclei in its sarcoplasm. But being multinucleate has nothing to do with why the sarcoplasmic reticulum specifically stores calcium; the two are unrelated true facts about the same cell.

    So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). Two true facts about one cell need not be cause and effect.

    Calcium storage and multiple nuclei are two unrelated features of the same fibre. Sharing a cell is not a causal link.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 219-220

13. Q13 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionCartilaginous joints permit a considerable, unrestricted degree of movement.

    ReasonIn cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilage.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is trueCorrect answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: A is false — cartilaginous joints permit only LIMITED movement, not considerable movement; R is a true description of how the bones are joined.

    What this is testing: how much movement a cartilaginous joint actually allows, and whether a true statement about its structure supports a false claim about its range.

    Assertion is false. A cartilaginous joint permits only LIMITED movement, not the considerable, unrestricted movement claimed — the joints between adjacent vertebrae are the textbook example, and they flex only slightly. Unrestricted movement belongs to synovial joints, which have a fluid-filled cavity.

    Reason is true: in a cartilaginous joint the bones are indeed held together by cartilage. That is an accurate description of the structure; it simply does not rescue the assertion, because cartilage is what RESTRICTS the movement.

    So A is false but R is true, giving code (4). The trap is that the reason reads like a definition you know is right, which tempts you into marking both true — check the assertion on its own before you let a correct reason carry it.

    Cartilage joins the bones and limits them at the same time. It is the reason for the movement and the reason there is so little of it.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

14. Q14 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionThe sternum is a flat bone located on the ventral midline of the thorax.

    ReasonIt serves as the ventral point of attachment for the ribs, complementing the vertebral column dorsally.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is true

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both are true, but R describes the sternum's functional role rather than explaining its ventral position — a parallel fact.

    What this is testing: whether describing the sternum's job explains why it sits where it does.

    Assertion is true: the sternum is a flat bone on the ventral midline of the thorax. Reason is also true — it anchors the ribs ventrally while the vertebral column does the equivalent job dorsally. But stating this functional role does not explain WHY the sternum itself is positioned ventrally; that positioning is simply a separate anatomical fact.

    So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). A bone's job and a bone's location can both be true without one causing the other.

    Position and function are two separate claims. The sternum being on the midline is not accounted for by what attaches to it.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 225

15. Q15 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionAccording to the sliding filament theory, the actin and myosin filaments themselves shorten during contraction.

    ReasonThe thin filaments slide over the thick filaments, pulling the 'Z' lines inward and shortening the sarcomere.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is trueCorrect answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: A is false — the filaments do NOT shorten, only the sarcomere does; R is a true description of the actual sliding mechanism.

    What this is testing: what actually shortens during contraction, the filaments themselves or just the sarcomere.

    Assertion is false: actin and myosin filaments do NOT shorten during contraction; only the sarcomere as a whole gets shorter as the filaments slide past each other. Reason is true and correctly describes the real mechanism — thin filaments slide over thick ones, pulling the Z lines inward and shortening the sarcomere.

    So A is false but R is true, giving code (4). The reason describes what really happens; the assertion misstates it by claiming the filaments themselves shrink.

    Nothing shortens but the sarcomere. Sliding, not shrinking, is the whole content of the theory's name.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 221-222

16. Q16 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionMuscular dystrophy is caused primarily by an infection of skeletal muscle.

    ReasonIt involves progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is trueCorrect answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: A is false — muscular dystrophy is mostly due to a GENETIC disorder, not an infection; R is a true description of the disease process.

    What this is testing: whether muscular dystrophy is caused by infection or by genetics.

    Assertion is false: muscular dystrophy is mostly caused by a GENETIC disorder, not an infection. Reason is true on its own — it does involve progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, an accurate description of the disease's course.

    So A is false but R is true, giving code (4). The reason describes what the disease does; the assertion wrongly guesses why it happens — keep cause and process separate.

    Muscular dystrophy is inherited, not caught. Genetic and infectious are the two categories most often swapped in disease questions.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

17. Q17 Assertion and Reason

    AssertionThe human skeletal system comprises 206 bones and a few cartilages.

    ReasonBone has a hard matrix due to the deposition of calcium salts, while cartilage has a pliable matrix due to chondroitin salts.

    1. 1.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. 2.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACorrect answer
    3. 3.A is true but R is false
    4. 4.A is false but R is true

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both are true facts about the skeletal system, but R describes the composition of bone and cartilage rather than explaining why the total count is 206 — parallel facts.

    What this is testing: whether describing bone and cartilage composition explains the skeleton's total bone count.

    Assertion is true: the human skeletal system has 206 bones and a few cartilages. Reason is also true — bone hardens from calcium salts while cartilage stays pliable because of chondroitin salts. But this composition detail says nothing about why the count is exactly 206; the two are separate, parallel facts.

    So both are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, giving code (2). What a tissue is made of does not explain how many pieces of it exist.

    How many bones there are and what they are made of are separate facts. The composition detail never accounts for the count.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 224

18. Q18 Statement I and Statement II

    Statement IIn a resting muscle, calcium ions are bound to troponin, exposing the myosin-binding sites on actin.

    Statement IIThe masking of active sites by troponin is removed only when calcium ion levels rise following a neural signal.

    1. 1.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
    2. 2.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
    3. 3.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
    4. 4.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correctCorrect answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: Statement I is incorrect — in the resting state, calcium is NOT bound and the sites remain masked; Statement II correctly describes when unmasking occurs.

    What this is testing: when calcium actually binds troponin — at rest, or only after a signal arrives.

    Statement I is incorrect: in a resting muscle, calcium is NOT bound to troponin, and the myosin-binding sites stay masked. Statement II is correct: unmasking happens only when calcium levels rise, which occurs after a neural signal reaches the fibre.

    So Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct, giving code (4). "Resting" and "unmasked" cannot both be true at once — this pair tests whether you keep the timeline straight.

    Calcium arriving is what starts contraction. A resting fibre is resting precisely because calcium is still locked away.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 221-222

19. Q19 Statement I and Statement II

    Statement ITwelve pairs of ribs are present in humans, of which the last two pairs are called floating ribs.

    Statement IIFloating ribs are not connected ventrally to the sternum.

    1. 1.Both Statement I and Statement II are correctCorrect answer
    2. 2.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
    3. 3.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
    4. 4.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

    Why option 1 is the answer

    The trap: Both statements are correct.

    What this is testing: whether the rib count and the definition of floating ribs are both correctly given.

    Statement I is correct: humans have 12 pairs of ribs, and the last two pairs are floating ribs. Statement II is correct: floating ribs are not connected ventrally to the sternum at all.

    So both statements are correct, giving code (1). Statement II is simply the reason floating ribs earn their name in Statement I — they float free at the ventral end.

    Twelve pairs, of which the last two reach nothing at the front. Floating is a description of that absence.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 225-226

20. Q20 Statement I and Statement II

    Statement IMyasthenia gravis is a progressive genetic degeneration of skeletal muscle.

    Statement IITetany is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction.

    1. 1.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
    2. 2.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrectCorrect answer
    3. 3.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
    4. 4.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

    Why option 2 is the answer

    The trap: Both statements are incorrect — they describe muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis respectively, not myasthenia gravis and tetany.

    What this is testing: whether each disorder's name has been swapped with another disorder's description.

    Statement I is incorrect: "progressive genetic degeneration of skeletal muscle" describes MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, not myasthenia gravis. Statement II is incorrect: "autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction" describes MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, not tetany.

    So both statements are incorrect, giving code (2). The question swaps two disorder names onto each other's descriptions — check each definition against its own name, not a name that merely sounds plausible nearby.

    Muscular dystrophy is genetic, myasthenia gravis is autoimmune, tetany is low calcium. Here two of the three descriptions have simply been swapped.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

21. Q21 Match the columns

    Match the pelvic girdle term with its description:

    Column I	Column II
    (a) Pectoral girdle half	(i) ventral meeting point with fibrous cartilage
    (b) Pelvic girdle	(ii) fusion of ilium, ischium and pubis
    (c) Coxal bone	(iii) clavicle and scapula
    (d) Pubic symphysis	(iv) two coxal bones

    1. 1.(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
    2. 2.(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
    3. 3.(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
    4. 4.(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)Correct answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: Pectoral girdle half-clavicle+scapula, Pelvic girdle-two coxal bones, Coxal bone-fusion of three bones, Pubic symphysis-ventral meeting point.

    What this is testing: matching each pelvic (and pectoral) girdle term to its correct description.

    The correct pairing: each pectoral girdle half is a clavicle plus a scapula, the pelvic girdle is made of two coxal bones, each coxal bone is a fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis, and the pubic symphysis is the ventral meeting point joined by fibrous cartilage.

    Option 1 swaps the pectoral girdle half with the pelvic girdle, and the coxal bone with the pubic symphysis. Option 2 rotates all four descriptions. Option 3 swaps only the pelvic girdle with the coxal bone.

    The correct match is option 4, keeping the girdle, its paired bone, that bone's fusion, and the meeting point each in its own place.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 226

22. Q22 Match the columns

    Match the disorder with its description (first set):

    Column I	Column II
    (a) Myasthenia gravis	(i) rapid muscle spasms due to low calcium
    (b) Muscular dystrophy	(ii) autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction
    (c) Tetany	(iii) joint inflammation due to uric acid crystals
    (d) Gout	(iv) progressive genetic degeneration of skeletal muscle

    1. 1.(a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
    2. 2.(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
    3. 3.(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
    4. 4.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)Correct answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: Myasthenia gravis-autoimmune/NMJ, Muscular dystrophy-genetic degeneration, Tetany-low calcium spasms, Gout-uric acid crystals.

    What this is testing: matching each disorder to its own cause and description.

    The correct pairing: myasthenia gravis is the autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction, muscular dystrophy is the progressive genetic degeneration of skeletal muscle, tetany is rapid muscle spasms from low calcium, and gout is joint inflammation from uric acid crystals.

    Option 1 swaps myasthenia gravis with muscular dystrophy, and tetany with gout. Option 2 rotates all four disorders onto the wrong description. Option 3 swaps only muscular dystrophy with tetany.

    The correct match is option 4. Match each disorder to its actual mechanism — autoimmune, genetic, calcium-linked, or crystal-linked — never just to a familiar-sounding neighbour.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

23. Q23 Match the columns

    Match the disorder with its description (second set):

    Column I	Column II
    (a) Arthritis	(iv) genetic disorder of skeletal muscle
    (b) Osteoporosis	(iii) inflammation of joints
    (c) Myasthenia gravis	(i) decreased bone mass, linked to decreased estrogen
    (d) Muscular dystrophy	(ii) fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle

    1. 1.(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
    2. 2.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
    3. 3.(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)Correct answer
    4. 4.(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

    Why option 3 is the answer

    The trap: Arthritis-inflammation of joints, Osteoporosis-decreased bone mass, Myasthenia gravis-NMJ paralysis, Muscular dystrophy-genetic disorder.

    What this is testing: matching each disorder to its own description, a second set.

    The correct pairing: arthritis is inflammation of joints, osteoporosis is decreased bone mass linked to falling estrogen, myasthenia gravis causes fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle, and muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle.

    Option 1 swaps arthritis with osteoporosis, and myasthenia gravis with muscular dystrophy. Option 2 rotates all four disorders. Option 4 swaps only osteoporosis with myasthenia gravis.

    The correct match is option 3, keeping each disorder's own trigger — joint inflammation, hormone-linked bone loss, autoimmune attack, or genetics — with its own name.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 227

24. Q24 Match the columns

    Match the muscle band with the protein primarily responsible for it (recap):

    Column I	Column II
    (a) Light/'I' band	(iii) tail region
    (b) Dark/'A' band	(i) actin
    (c) HMM component	(iv) myosin
    (d) LMM component	(ii) globular head and short arm

    1. 1.(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
    2. 2.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
    3. 3.(a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)Correct answer
    4. 4.(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

    Why option 3 is the answer

    The trap: Light/'I' band-actin, Dark/'A' band-myosin, HMM-head+short arm, LMM-tail region.

    What this is testing: matching each muscle band or myosin component to the protein or part responsible for it.

    The correct pairing: the light (I) band is dominated by actin, the dark (A) band by myosin, the HMM component is the globular head with short arm, and the LMM component is the tail region.

    Option 1 swaps the I and A bands, and swaps HMM with LMM. Option 2 rotates all four pairings. Option 4 swaps the A band with the HMM component.

    The correct match is option 3, keeping the two bands with their proteins and the two myosin halves with their own parts.

    Actin in the light band, myosin in the dark, head in HMM, tail in LMM. Two filaments and two halves of one molecule.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 220-221

25. Q25 Exception / incorrect

    All are correctly paired with the sarcomere band/zone EXCEPT:

    1. 1.'I' band – thin filaments
    2. 2.'A' band – thick filaments
    3. 3.'H' zone – central unoverlapped region of the 'A' band
    4. 4.'Z' line – centre of the 'A' bandCorrect answer

    Why option 4 is the answer

    The trap: The 'Z' line bisects the 'I' band; the centre of the 'A' band is marked by the 'M' line, not the Z line.

    What this is testing: which sarcomere band-and-landmark pairing has been mismatched.

    I band-thin filaments, A band-thick filaments, and H zone-central unoverlapped region of the A band are all correctly paired. Z line-centre of the A band is the exception — the Z line actually bisects the I band; it is the M line that sits at the centre of the A band.

    So option 4 is correct. Two central landmarks exist in a sarcomere, the M line in the A band and the Z line in the I band — swapping which one belongs where is the trap.

    The Z line bisects the I band; the M line sits at the centre of the A band. Two lines, two bands, and this option swaps them.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 220

26. Q26 Sequence / ordering

    Correct order of levels of skeletal muscle organisation, from smallest to largest:

    1. 1.sarcomere → myofibril → muscle fibre → fascicle → muscleCorrect answer
    2. 2.muscle → fascicle → muscle fibre → myofibril → sarcomere
    3. 3.myofibril → sarcomere → fascicle → muscle fibre → muscle
    4. 4.fascicle → muscle → sarcomere → myofibril → muscle fibre

    Why option 1 is the answer

    The trap: The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit, followed by the myofibril, the muscle fibre (made of many myofibrils), the fascicle (bundle of fibres), and the whole muscle.

    What this is testing: the correct order of skeletal muscle organisation, from the smallest unit to the whole organ.

    The real order runs sarcomere (smallest functional unit), then myofibril (built from many sarcomeres), then muscle fibre (built from many myofibrils), then fascicle (a bundle of fibres), then the whole muscle.

    So option 1 is correct. Option 2 runs the whole list backwards; option 3 places the fascicle before the muscle fibre; option 4 scatters the levels out of order entirely. Build the ladder rung by rung, smallest structure to largest, and it becomes hard to misplace any level.

    Sarcomere, myofibril, fibre, fascicle, muscle. Each level is a bundle of the one below it.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 219-220

27. Q27 NEET 2026 (Re-Exam)

    Which of the following represents the correct sequence of arrangement of bones in the lower limb of humans?

    1. 1.Femur → Patella → Tibia → Fibula → Tarsals → Metatarsals → PhalangesCorrect answer
    2. 2.Femur → Tibia → Patella → Fibula → Metatarsals → Tarsals → Phalanges
    3. 3.Patella → Femur → Fibula → Tibia → Tarsals → Metatarsals → Phalanges
    4. 4.Femur → Patella → Fibula → Tibia → Metatarsals → Tarsals → Phalanges

    Why option 1 is the answer

    The trap: The correct order from hip to toe is femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.

    What this is testing: the correct order of bones in the lower limb, from hip to toe.

    The real order is femur, then patella, then tibia and fibula, then the tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.

    So option 1 is correct. Option 2 places the patella after the tibia; option 3 starts with the patella before the femur; option 4 swaps the tarsals and metatarsals at the end. The patella sits between the femur and the tibia-fibula pair, and getting that one placement right settles the whole sequence.

    The patella sits between femur and tibia, which is the placement most often missed. Everything below it follows the ankle-sole-toe order.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 226

28. Q28 NEET 2026 (Re-Exam)

    Which of the following is the correct order of arrangement of the vertebral column from the head to the toe?

    1. 1.Cervical → Thoracic → Lumbar → Sacral → CoccygealCorrect answer
    2. 2.Thoracic → Cervical → Lumbar → Sacral → Coccygeal
    3. 3.Cervical → Lumbar → Thoracic → Sacral → Coccygeal
    4. 4.Cervical → Thoracic → Sacral → Lumbar → Coccygeal

    Why option 1 is the answer

    The trap: From the skull downward: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.

    What this is testing: the correct order of vertebral regions from the head down.

    The real order, from the skull downward, is cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, then coccygeal.

    So option 1 is correct. Option 2 starts with thoracic before cervical; option 3 puts lumbar before thoracic; option 4 places the sacral region before the lumbar. The fixed sequence 7-12-5-1-1 never changes, whichever way a question phrases the order.

    Neck, chest, lower back, then two fused blocks. Tracing a hand down your own back gives the sequence.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, page 225

29. Q29 NEET 2023

    Which of the following statements are correct regarding skeletal muscle? (A) Muscle bundles are held together by a collagenous connective tissue layer called the fascicle. (B) The sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fibre is a storehouse of calcium ions. (C) The striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fibre is due to the distribution pattern of actin and myosin proteins. (D) The 'M' line is considered the functional unit of contraction called the sarcomere.

    1. 1.B and C onlyCorrect answer
    2. 2.A and B only
    3. 3.C and D only
    4. 4.A, B and C only

    Why option 1 is the answer

    The trap: (A) is wrong — the connective tissue layer holding fascicles is the FASCIA, the fascicles ARE the muscle bundles; (D) is wrong — the sarcomere lies between two Z lines, not at the M line; (B) and (C) are correct.

    What this is testing: whether each claim about skeletal muscle structure is stated correctly, from an actual NEET paper.

    (B) is correct: the sarcoplasmic reticulum does store calcium ions. (C) is correct: the striated look comes from how actin and myosin are distributed. (A) is wrong — the connective tissue layer holding muscle bundles together is the FASCIA; the fascicles are the bundles themselves, not the layer around them. (D) is wrong — the sarcomere is the region between two Z LINES, not something found "at" the M line.

    So B and C only are correct, giving option 1. Two separate name-swaps are planted here — fascia versus fascicle, and Z line versus M line.

    Fascia is the sheath, fascicle is the bundle inside it. Two similar words for the wrapper and the thing wrapped.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 219-220

30. Q30 NEET 2023

    Choose the correct statement about muscular tissue:

    1. 1.Skeletal muscles are non-striated and voluntary; cardiac muscles are striated and voluntary; smooth muscles are striated and involuntary
    2. 2.Skeletal muscles are striated and involuntary; cardiac muscles are non-striated and involuntary; smooth muscles are striated and voluntary
    3. 3.Skeletal muscles are striated and voluntary; cardiac muscles are striated and involuntary; smooth muscles are non-striated and involuntaryCorrect answer
    4. 4.All three muscle types are striated and voluntary

    Why option 3 is the answer

    The trap: Skeletal muscle is striated/voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated/involuntary, and smooth (visceral) muscle is non-striated/involuntary.

    What this is testing: whether all three muscle types' appearance and control are correctly matched together, from an actual NEET paper.

    The correct combination: skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, and smooth (visceral) muscle is non-striated and involuntary.

    So option 3 is correct. Option 1 wrongly makes skeletal muscle non-striated and cardiac muscle voluntary. Option 2 wrongly makes skeletal muscle involuntary and smooth muscle striated. Option 4 wrongly claims all three types are striated and voluntary — cardiac and smooth muscle are neither.

    Two properties, three muscles: striated or not, voluntary or not. Cardiac is the only one that takes one from each column.

    NCERT Class 11 Biology, pages 218-219